Colonial Encounters, Nationalism and the Public Theatre in Calcutta

Abstract

This research article examines the intersections of colonial encounters, nationalism, and the public theatre in Calcutta during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Focusing on the dynamic cultural and political landscape of colonial Bengal, the study investigates how the emergence of public theatre served as a crucial site for negotiating and expressing nationalist sentiments in response to British colonial rule. The article begins by contextualizing Calcutta’s theatrical milieu within the broader framework of colonialism’s impact on Indian society and culture. It explores how European-style theatres, initially introduced by colonial authorities, became arenas where Indian intellectuals and artists strategically engaged with and contested colonial ideologies. Through a detailed analysis of key theatrical productions, performances, and debates of the time, the article elucidates how theatre evolved as a platform for articulating diverse nationalist discourses, ranging from cultural revivalism to political resistance. Moreover, the article critically examines the role of prominent playwrights, actors, and theatre groups in shaping public opinion and mobilizing support for nationalist movements. It highlights significant theatrical works that challenged colonial representations and celebrated indigenous cultural heritage, thereby fostering a sense of collective identity and solidarity among Bengali audiences. By drawing on archival materials, contemporary newspapers, and theoretical insights from postcolonial studies, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between colonial hegemony, cultural production, and nationalist aspirations in Bengal’s public sphere. Ultimately, this study underscores the pivotal role of theatre as a site of cultural and political contestation during a transformative period in India’s colonial history, illuminating the enduring legacy of these performances in shaping modern Indian identity and resistance movements.