Economic Analysis of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) of Plant Origin in Chhattisgarh: Livelihood Implications and Market Dynamics

Abstract

Chhattisgarh, often referred to as the “Herbal State” of India, possesses a rich repository of biodiversity where Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) serve as a primary source of sustenance for nearly 44% of its forest-dependent population. This paper presents a comprehensive economic analysis of plant-based NTFPs, such as Tendu leaves, Mahua flowers, Sal seeds, and Harra. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study evaluates the contribution of these products to the household income of tribal communities and examines the existing value chains. Findings indicate that while NTFPs contribute significantly to seasonal liquidity and food security, the primary collectors remain at the lower end of the value spectrum due to information asymmetry and inadequate primary processing facilities. The study concludes that institutional interventions through the Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Produce Federation have stabilized prices, yet a transition from “collection-based” to “value-addition-based” models is essential for long-term economic sustainability.