Integrated Management of Sugarcane Stem Borers (Chilo spp.): Distribution, Infestation Patterns and Control Approaches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53032/tvcr/2022.v4n4.01Keywords:
Sugarcane, Sugarcane Borers, Chilo, Distribution, Damage, IPM, Bacillus thuringiensisAbstract
Sugarcane cultivation across India is significantly threatened by infestations of Chilo species, which are among the most damaging stem borers affecting the crop. These pests are prevalent in major sugarcane-producing states such as Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Their infestation leads to considerable reductions in stalk weight, juice quality, and sugar recovery. The borers penetrate and tunnel through the stalks, thereby compromising structural integrity, reducing sucrose content, impeding nutrient flow, and increasing the plant’s vulnerability to diseases and secondary infections. Economic losses due to these infestations can range between 10% and 80% of the total yield, depending on the severity of infestation and the efficacy of pest management interventions. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies are widely adopted for controlling sugarcane stem borers. These strategies combine cultural practices, chemical control, behavioral manipulation, biological agents, and the cultivation of pest-resistant varieties. However, the sustainability and effectiveness of these measures are increasingly challenged by issues such as pesticide residues, environmental heterogeneity, limited efficacy of formulations, labor shortages, and escalating production costs. In response, advances in biotechnology have led to the development of transgenic sugarcane lines expressing insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). These Bt sugarcane varieties hold promise for improving pest resistance, reducing chemical pesticide reliance, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the biology and distribution of Chilo species, assesses their economic impact on sugarcane production, evaluates the efficacy and limitations of existing IPM strategies, and examines the future prospects of biotechnological innovations such as Bt sugarcane in managing these persistent pests.
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